Commit 9391f715 added a "PlannerInfo *root" parameter to
estimate_array_length, but failed to consider the possibility that
NULL would be passed for that, leading to a null pointer dereference.

We could rectify the particular case shown in the bug report by fixing
simplify_function/inline_function to pass through the root pointer.
However, as long as eval_const_expressions is documented to accept
NULL for root, similar hazards would remain.  For now, let's just do
the narrow fix of hardening estimate_array_length to not crash.
Its behavior with NULL root will be the same as it was before
9391f715, so this is not too awful.

Per report from Fredrik Widlert (via Paul Ramsey).  Back-patch to v17
where 9391f715 came in.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/518339E7-173E-45EC-A0FF-9A4A62AA4F40@cleverelephant.ca